Napoleon Bonaparte Betrayed the Ideas of the French...

Napoleon did not always follow through with his theories and ideas about the well being of France with actions, making him very hypocritical; there are however some contrasting points to suggest that not all his choices were insincere. Therefore his initial claims and theories were not completed, his actions contradicted his preliminary ideas. Consequently, Napoleon betrayed the ideas of the French Revolution: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. We can see how Napoleon Bonaparte repeatedly opposed himself in each one of the French Revolutionist areas. Napoleon claimed to stand for Liberty, to free the people of France and provide them with justice. He planned to do this by standing for the reform the French people needed the most,†¦show more content†¦Thus contradicting the Revolutionary idea of Liberty. On the other hand, Napoleon provided the people of France with the Napoleonic Code and therefore freedom and justice; as he wasn’t particularly religious people could n ot confuse this act for selfishness it was obviously to make the people of France truly happy. Another example of his actions conflicting with his â€Å"beliefs† occurred at the very beginning of Napoleons reign over France. Napoleon claimed that his main aim while ruling France was to get rid of the monarchy, however he felt the need to be crowned so his power over France was official. When Napoleon was being crowned, he advanced towards the altar and took a crown known as the Charlemagne crown, from the altar, and placed it on his own head. He did this to show that he did not accept the Pope, who was supposed to crown him, as his overlord; and to let the people know there was no one equal to him because he wanted to be an absolute ruler. Another example of how Napoleon betrayed Equality can be seen in the way women were treated during his reign over France. During Napoleons time the women were isolated from the society by not receiving too many responsibilities in all aspects of life. These are just two examples from the many that make critics of Napoleon believe that throughout his reign over France he continued toShow MoreRelated Napoleon Betrayed the Revolution Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesNapoleon Betrayed the Revolution In order to investigate the claim that ‘Napoleon betrayed the revolution’, it has to be determined what is the French revolution? And what are the revolutionary ideals that Napoleon allegedly betrayed? If Napoleon betrayed the Revolution then he betrayed the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity. However if Napoleon did not betray the revolution, he consolidated the revolutionary ideals. The only way of determining whether Napoleon consolidated or betrayedRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolution, a revolutionary movement of extensive social and political upheavals triggered by the dissatisfaction of the monarchy. Inspired by the ideals of the Enlightenment, the Third Estate overthrew the monarchy and established many different governments and constitutions. These proved to be unhelpful and useless as anyone who came into power was blinded by it and became unreliable until Napoleon Bonaparte. Born as the fo urth child of the Bonaparte, Napoleon grew up desiring to beRead MoreCauses Of The French Revolution1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolution The French Revolution of 1789 was one of the biggest upheavals in history. You may be wondering what exactly led this to happen, but there were multiple long range causes. Political, social, and economic conditions ultimately led to the discontent of many French people especially those of the third estate. The ideals of the Enlightenment brought new views to government and society. Before the revolution, the majority of France were living in poverty. Peasants were entirelyRead MoreThe Revolutionary Period Of 1763 Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough 1830 brought newfound ideas of liberty as well as increased focus on the rights of man, promulgating new rhetoric surrounding human rights. The American Revolution launched a global movement in which the people took a stand against their oppressors and fought for governmental autonomy. This international movement brought forth new political ideology, as well as increased the voice of the people. The political thinkers associated with the various global revolutions in America, France, and inRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven s Influence On The Classical Era938 Words   |  4 Pagesbut disliked his methods so he soon began to study with other composers. The French Revolution, beginning in 1789 was fueled by the ideas and desires of the people, which were freedom and equality (Holmes, 2014). As a child of the Enlightenm ent period, Beethoven felt the utmost respect for Napoleon Bonaparte because he felt as if Bonaparte embodied the spirit of the people at the time. Beethoven was influenced by these ideas when writing his third symphony; it broke away from the traditional symphonicRead MoreSaint Dominque And French Revolution1246 Words   |  5 Pages However, when Napoleon Bonaparte attempted to reinstate slavery at the beginning of the 19th century, there was much objection specifically by Toussaint (de Breda) Louverture. Toussaint created a new constitution for Saint-Dominque without slavery and placed administrators in charge over the islands government, commerce, and legislation (Dubois/Garrigus,169). Napoleaon sent troops to Saint-Dominque, arrested Toussaint and deported him to France; however, this only furthered intensified the fightingRead MoreThe American and French Revolution: Similarities and Differences4254 Words   |  18 PagesThe American and French Revolution: Similarities and Differences During the late 18th century, two great revolutions occurred, the American Revolution and the French Revolution. Between the years of 1775-1783, The American Revolution was fought between the thirteen British colonies in North America and Great Britain, their mother country. Thomas Hutchinson, the royal governor of Massachusetts at the time, sums the reason for war best, saying ‘No middle ground exists between the supreme authorityRead MoreEssay on Napelon as Portrayed by Pushkin and Lermontov3899 Words   |  16 Pagesâ€Å"We all now pose as Napoleons-- Millions of two-legged creatures For us are the instrument of one.† --Eugene Onegin, by Pushkin Napoleon in Russian Thought Despite Russia’s own history with Napoleon Bonaparte in the Russian invasion of 1812, Russians came to view Napoleon with a strange sort of admiration and reverence. In much the same way as Western Europe at the time, Russians saw Napoleon as a symbol: an extraordinary modern man who overstepped boundaries and moral law to change historyRead MoreTHe French Revolution1803 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the summer of 1793, the radical phase of the French Revolution was intensified by the Terror, created by The Committee of Public Safety. The Terror successfully preserved the Revolution by weeding out counter-revolutionaries to eliminate corruption within the government and giving equality to all social classes which untied France under one government. However, these successes were undermined by the many failures of the Terror due to the oppression of citizens which would lead to many executionsRead MoreThomas Jefferson Was A Visionary2077 Words   |  9 PagesUnited States would not be as strong as it is today. Thomas Jefferson had revolutionary thoughts about education, government, farming, and land. Jefferson truly morphed United States citizens way of life and beliefs. He was often countered in his ideas of having a small government with a weak Executive branch. It s actually kind of ironic that as the president Thomas took immense strides towards taking the power away from the president. Its truly amazing that he did this because most men are power

The Expression Of Genetic Information - 1157 Words

The expression of genetic information is a process involving two steps; transcription and translation. These processes produce proteins and amino acids that guide the complex regulatory networks of gene expression in cells. Proteins carry out a variety of functions that permit living systems in different physical and chemical environments (Mandal et al., 2003), and activate genes which give rise to observable phenotypic traits that are expressed in individuals (Pacarynuk et al., 2016). Beadle and Tatum’s (1940) landmark study, demonstrated the one-gene-one-enzyme model, originally a hypothesis, in which each genes are controlled by one specific enzyme in a series of sequential steps that generate an outcome beneficial to a living cell (Griffiths et al., 2005). These steps are known as a biochemical pathway. Biochemical pathways are very diverse, and may be linear or highly branched, widely distributed among organisms or restricted to a single stain or species (Chapman Ragan, 1980). Blocks in a pathway occur when mutations of a specific gene interferes with the production single enzyme, and may result diseases such as alkaptuonuria, non-functioning genes, or an abnormal phenotypic appearance within an organism (Griffiths et al., 2005). In bacteria, these mutated genes are known as auxotrophs. The mutations that interfere with gene expression result in a bacteria strain that can no longer synthesis the nutrients required for growth and metabolism on its own and must beShow MoreRelatedGene Expression : The Consequences Of Human DNA And Human Genes1345 Words   |  6 Pagesfound within these genes provides genetic instructions to encode proteins or other molecules, this is called gene expression. Gene expression is the process by which genetic information stored in a gene dictates a cells function. This process is essential as regulatory proteins control the rate of gene expression. Gene expression is influenced by the processes performed in transcription and translation to make functional proteins. The regulation of gene expression is more complex in Eukaryotic cellsRead MoreIntegrative Genomic Analysis In Cancer Essay783 Words   |  4 Pagesperform an integrated analysis using genetic and gene expression data. In \cite{xiong2012integrating}, the authors illustrated that joint analyses of genomic data increase the power to detect real associations when compared with gene set methods that use only one genomic data type. They developed a single statistical framework, Gene Set Association Analysis (GSAA), that simultaneously measures genome-wide patterns of genetic variation and gene expression variation to identify sets of genesRead MoreGene Regulatory Networks Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesGene regulatory networks form an important component of the biological regulatory machinery. Inferring gene regulatory networks from temporal gene expression data is crucial for understanding important biological processes and the dynamics of gene regulation that underpin these processes. In recent years, availability of high throughput gene expression data has made it possible to infer the gene regulatory networks. For this purpose, various computational methods have been proposed. In this paperRead More Biology : A Biochemical Approach For Study How Genetics May Influence Social Outcomes Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesSociogenomics: A Biochemical Approach to Study how Genetics may Influence Social Outcomes Literature Review Sociogenomics is a relatively new research area that isn t very well understood. 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There seems to be another key factor that exists and enables the expression of every gene within our body’sRead MoreBiochemical Approaches On The Import Of Genetics Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesSociogenomics: Biochemical Approaches to Study the Import of Genetics in Social Behaviours Literature Review Sociogenomics is a relatively new research area that isn t very well understood. Scholarly articles (e.g., Roberts Jackson, 2008) describe it as a field that explores the following: the identification of genes that influence social behavior, the understanding of the influence of these genes on underlying neural and endocrine mechanisms, and understanding the effects of the environment,Read MoreThe Importance Of Non-Coding Rnas1468 Words   |  6 Pagesassumptions that were once the solid foundations of modern molecular biology and genetics, furthering complexity of genomics. The function of these non-protein-coding RNAs has not been fully evaluated and the methods of doing so are still in question; however, there is evidence suggesting overall functionality of non-coding transcription rather than simply â€Å"background noise† and insignificant. Evidence includes dynamic expression profiles during differentiation, patterns of chromatin modification, and conservationRead More The Fearless Vampire Conservator : Philip Kitcher, Genetic Determinism, And Informational Gene1525 Words   |  7 PagesFearless Vampire Conservator: Philip Kitcher, Genetic Determinism, and the Informational Gene, Paul Griffiths defines genetic determinism as â€Å"the idea that significant human characteristics are strongly linked to the presence of certain genes.†(pg number). Griffiths argues that the common characterization of genes as informational, in both science and general society, is problematic because it causes our concept of genetics to be inextricably linked to genetic determinism. He explains that â€Å"the predominantRead MoreWhat Is A Gene?1446 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurred in the genetic field: it was carried out in order to discover the genes responsible for the most various traits, from the ones causing diseases to the ones responsible for genetic variation across populations. In fact, the scientific community was convinced that genes retained all the c rucial information necessary for organisms’ generation, growth, survival and reproduction (Sarkar, 1998). One of the fundamental discoveries of the 20th century was that DNA was the genetic code’s physicalRead MoreDna, Gene Expression, And Basic Patterns Of Heredity881 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This unit will focus on DNA, gene expression, and basic patterns of heredity. The main objective of this unit is to provide opportunities for students to learn general concepts that are associated with genetics and to create a better understanding of inheritance and its’ relationship to genetic diseases. According to standards set by the Next Generation Science Standards which are endorsed by the National Science Teachers Association, students should be able to analyze and interpret

Nonhuman Primate Models of Depression

Question: Discuss about the Nonhuman Primate Models of Depression. Answer: Introduction: If I got a chance to attend to Juanita, I would do my best to counsel her. In my bereavement counseling process, I would use effective interpersonal communication skills (Leontjevas, et al., 2013). I would listen to her, give her time to express herself, then comfort her using appealing words and giving her detailed information on the philosophy and reality of death in human life. When attending to Juanita, I would use my skills to empathize with her, but not sympathies with the situation and be part of her problem. I will be keen not to be stressed because it will not help in comforting her (Whiston Cinamon, 2015). Kathy has a very serious problem that requires the support of a therapist. During the very first appearance, Kathy would appear as a depressed client who has a lot of worries and stress regarding her condition (Otte, et al., 2015). As a cocaine addict, the client might be a bit reluctant to provide all the required information to the therapist. During the first appearance, I would only assess the client. Here, I would use my skills to effectively communicate with the client by listening to her and giving her time to express herself. Apart from listening to the client, I would spend time to explaining to her that the session would be friendly and based on the ethical codes principles governing counseling (Morse Salyers, 2012). When assessing the client, I would use an objective and focused assessment strategies. Here, I would have to set goals and do my best to achieve them. Besides, I would have to use my listening, and persuasion skills to engage the client on a one-on-one interview session to seek for the clarifications and explain my points (Otte, et al., 2015). This will enable me to win the confidence of the client. When attending to the client, I would have to work in collaboration with social workers, family counselors, spiritual counselors, religious leaders, lawyers, and physicians. I will have to collaborate with these professionals by seeking for their opinion and referring the client in case it is necessary to do so (Gati Levin, 2014). For example, while the social worker deals with the clients social needs, the lawyer will provide legal advice on parental issues surrounding the client, her ex-boy friend and the unborn child. As a mother, Kathy is obliged to provide a safe environment for her unborn child. Therefore, to safeguard its health, she should refrain from using cocaine and any other drug that might harm the child. On his part, the father should also be responsible for the child. Peter is in the determination stage of change. He is determined to abstain from alcoholism and smoking. According to information provided in the case study, Peter is already conscious of his problems. At the same time, he has not denied, but agreed that it is a real challenge that needs to be addressed. This is a good stage in the counseling process because it will ease the work of a therapist. The therapist will not have to use excess efforts because the client is not living in a denial, but appreciates that he needs an intervention to help him manage his social, psychological, and economic problems (Leontjevas, et al., 2013). Peter has social and emotional problems to address. His emotional problem is that he is stressed because he is unemployed and does not have enough money to meet his basic needs. Besides, he does not have a good shelter and might lose the one he currently occupies. Meaning, his problems might increase in the near future. In terms of social well-being, Peter is an antisocial person who does not associate with others. He is detached from his family and friends. These are needs that should be met for the client to lead a good life (Whiston Cinamon, 2015). Peter is looking forward to making many changes in his life. First, he would like to stop smoking. Besides, he would like to stop alcoholism. In addition, Peter would like to improve his social and economic well-being. He would like to be a sociable person who freely interacts with others in his immediate surroundings (Leontjevas, et al., 2013). Lastly, Peter seeks to get a good accommodation and resolve his financial woes. From his behavior, Peter is willing to change his life. However, his desire and commitments to realizing the required changes might not be smooth because if the potential barriers such as lack of family support, inadequate finances, and failure to get employment opportunities. He needs to get social support from his family members and friends. However, in case this does not happen, he might not succeed (Worlein, 2014). At the same time, his desire to resolve his housing problems might fail if he does not get economical empowerment. Peter requires adequate support. Firstly, he should be given social support by enabling him to establish a good rapport and relationship with his family. Secondly, he should be given counseling support because it can enable him to address the challenge of smoking and alcoholism (Fairman, Rowe, Hassmiller Shalala, 2011). Lastly, the client should be given financial support to empower him to access shelter and food. If given an opportunity to attend to Peter, I would do my best to provide him with effective and high quality counseling services. I will apply the psychoanalytic and behavioral theories to serve him. These will enable me to understand the root causes of his behaviors before coming up with appropriate measures to apply when serving him (Barlow, 2012). I will organize for face-to-face sessions in which I will effectively communicate with the client, establish a good rapport with him and win the confidence of the client. These are the best approaches that willable me to improve the patients well-being. References Barlow, D. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. Fairman, J. A., Rowe, J. W., Hassmiller, S., Shalala, D. E. (2011). Broadening the scope of nursing practice. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(3), 193-196. DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol19No02Man02 Gati, I., Levin, N. (2014). Counseling for Career Decision?Making Difficulties: Measures and Methods. The Career Development Quarterly, 62(2), 98-113. Leontjevas, R., et al (2013). A structural multidisciplinary approach to depression management in nursing-home residents: a multicentre, stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet, 381(9885), pp.2255-2264. Morse, G. Salyers, M. P. (2012). Burnout in mental health services: a review of the problem and its remediation. Adm Policy Mental Health. 39(5):341-52. doi: 10.1007/s10488-011-0352-1. Otte, C., et al (2015). Cognitive function in older adults with major depression: Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation. Journal of psychiatric research, 69, pp.120-125. Whiston, S. C., Cinamon, R. G. (2015). The workfamily interface: Integrating research and career counseling practice. The Career Development Quarterly, 63(1), 44-56. Worlein, J.M. (2014). Nonhuman primate models of depression: effects of early experience and stress. ILAR Journal, 55(2), pp.259-273.

Nutrition Essays (2165 words) - Nutrition, Human Nutrition

Nutrition Most people know that good nutrition is important for good health. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) are the daily amounts of essential nutrients that will prevent deficiencies in most healthy people. But not many people realize the importance a healthy diet can have on their health for years to come. To help us stay healthy a person should eat a variety of foods, maintain ideal weight, avoid too much fat, and eat foods with enough starch and fiber. A good diet helps children grow, develop, and do well in school. It also helps young and older adults to work productively and feel their best. A healthy diet can also lessen the risk factors for obesity and high blood pressure. For our benefit, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture has issued Dietary Guidelines. These guidelines are designed to help Americans choose the recommended number of daily servings from each of the five different food groups; Bread, Meat, Vegetable, Fruit, and Dairy. The Nutrition Facts Label is made to help you buy foods that will meet the Dietary Guidelines. Most processed foods now carry nutrition information. People need energy and essential nutrients. These nutrients are essential because the body cannot make them and has to get them from food. Energy needs vary by age. Adults need less food than younger and more active individuals. People who are less active or are trying to lose weight will eat less food and have problems meeting their nutrient needs. Almost all Americans need to be more active, because an inactive lifestyle is unhealthy. In order to stay at the same body weight, people need to balance the amount of energy in food with the amount of energy the body uses. People need to put more energy into daily activities. The pattern of eating is also important. Snacks provide a large amount of calories for many Americans. Unless nutritious snacks are part of the daily diet, snacking will cause weight gain. Also binge eating and fasting will add to weight problems. Maintaining weight in older people is important because they usually lose weight as they 3 age. Some of that weight is muscle. People need to exercise regularly to maintain muscle, to feel better and to reduce the risk of falls and broken bones. The quality and variety of food in the United States allow almost everyone to have a nutritious diet. Nutrients are divided into five major groups; proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. Each of these food components have a special function in the body, and all of them together are needed for overall health. The body uses energy to function and keep itself at a constant temperature. Scientists have been able to find out that the body gets its fuel from carbohydrates, fats, and protein. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the most available foods in the world. Carbohydrates in foods, like whole grain breads and cereals, provide calories and nutrients and also increase dietary fiber. Dietary fiber, like lettuce, if eaten daily, can decrease the risk of colon cancer. If there isn't enough carbohydrates in the body during exercise, the body tires faster. Research has proven that a daily diet high in carbohydrates is helpful. Most sports nutritionists recommend a meal high in carbohydrates 3 or 4 hours before an event. Carbohydrates provide most of the energy in almost all people's diets. The best sources for carbohydrates are grains, potatoes, vegetables, and fruits. Fats Everyone thinks that fat in the diet is bad, but really the body needs it. Fat provides energy by giving calories to the body. They are the most concentrated source of energy in the diet. People need to watch how much fat they eat, not do without it entirely. Because fat sources have little water in them, they take up less room, so we eat more fat without getting full. So that's why it is easy to get fat on a high-fat diet. Obesity increases the risk for high blood pressure and eventually for stroke. It is also associated with heart disease. There is evidence that certain kinds of cancer like colon, lung, and bladder cancer run in 4 people who have high-fat diets. It is also known that breast and uterine cancer are more common in obese women. Best sources of fat are margarine, vegetable/plant oils, nuts, meats, cheese, and cream. Protein The main purpose of protein in the body is to build and repair tissues. Most of the body's

Argumentative Essay on Voting among the Incarcerated Essay Example

Argumentative Essay on Voting among the Incarcerated Essay Example Argumentative Essay on Voting among the Incarcerated Essay Argumentative Essay on Voting among the Incarcerated Essay Essay Topic: Argumentative Name: Course:Lecturer: Date: Argumentative Essay States have different laws regarding the issue of voting among the incarcerated. In some states, once the offender is incarcerated, he or she loses the right to vote permanently. Other states restore the right to vote after their term of incarceration ends. Some states consider the form of crimes that the offender has committed before deciding whether they can vote. Offenders who have committed crimes such as murder, treason, rape, and incest are not considered for re-enfranchisement. In other states, those who have committed crime have to wait for some time after their release before they become eligible for re-enfranchisement. In America, only felons in Maine and Vermont allow those who are incarcerated to vote (Nunn 763). There are many reasons why people are incarcerated. Some people are imprisoned, yet they are innocent of the crimes that they are accused of and convicted. These people are denied their freedom and their constitutional right of electing their leaders. States shou ld amend the current laws so that they can allow the incarcerated to vote. There is a wide disparity in prison, in terms of the races presented in the prison system. While African Americans make up a minority race in the country, they are the majority in American correctional facilities. They make up about 40% of the population in correctional facilities, yet they are only 13% of the country’s population. Disallowing those who are incarcerated to vote is denying a substantial number of African Americans the chance to participate in a democratic process. The problem does not only affect the African Americans in prison, but also the Latino community in the prison system. This constitutes racial discrimination. There are more than eight million people in American prisons, most of whom are from racial minorities, and they remain disenfranchised because of the law and the legal system (Raskin 559-573). The issue of disenfranchisement is further complicated when even those who are released from prison are denied the right to vote. These people have been rehabilitated, and they have served their time in prison. They should not continue being punished because they were in prison. This is a reflection to the society, that the law does not consider such people fit to elect their leaders (Middlemass 22-39). Denying the incarcerated, the opportunity to vote will have future negative influence as it will reduce the number of people interested in the voting process. Research suggests the children and teenagers whose fathers are incarcerated have weak connections to the political system (Simon and Sparks 180). They are not interested in politics, and there is little evidence that they will change their perception in future. Some people argue that the reason that prisoners are in prison is so that they can rehabilitate after committing crimes. Such people have committed crimes, some of them have denied others the right to live, and so they should be denied their freedom. Prisons should be places where the prisoners are denied their freedom so that they can realize the crime they committed, and thus turn away from crime (Manza and Uggen 559-605). Felons do not have any political right or power. They should not be allowed to make governing decisions, for the same laws that they disregarded. Having the chance to vote is a measure of freedom. Prisoners should not be allowed to vote on this basis. The fourteenth amendment in the constitution supports disenfranchisement, despite the voting right acts passed (Manza and Uggen 493). The constitution does not seem to hold considerable regard concerning the right of all citizens to vote, irrespective of their situation. The voting process in a democratic system determines the leaders who will be responsible for establishing the country’s law. It is, therefore, a moral issue, which should be made by responsible citizens. : Bowers, Melanie and Robert, R. Preuhs. â€Å"Collateral Consequences of a Collateral Penalty: The Negative Effect of Felon Disenfranchisement Laws on the Political Participation of Nonfelons.† Social Science Quarterly 90.3 (2009) 722-743 Frazier, N. Carl. â€Å"Removing the Vestiges of Discrimination: Criminal Disenfranchisement Laws and Strategies for Challenging Them.† Kentucky Law Journal 481 (2006) Manza, Jeff and Christopher Uggen. â€Å"Punishment and Democracy: Disenfranchisement of Nonincarcerated Felons in the United States.† Perspectives on Politics 2.3 (2004): 491-505 Marquardt, E. Susan. â€Å"Deprivation of a Felon’s Right to Vote: Constitutional Concerns, Policy Issues and Suggested Reform for Felony Disenfranchisement Law.† University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 1 (2005) Middlemass, M. Keesha. â€Å"Rehabilitated But Not Fit to Vote: A Comparative Racial Analysis of Disenfranchisement Laws.† Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society 8.2 (2006) 22-39 Nunn, L. Robin. â€Å"Lock Them Up and Throw Away the Vote.† Chicago Journal of International Law 5.2 (2005) Pearson, D. Tanya. â€Å"Disenfranchisement – A Race Neutral Punishment for Felony Offenders or a Way to Diminish the Minority Vote.† Hamline Journal of Public Policy 359 (2001-2002) Raskin, Jamin. â€Å"A Right-to-Vote Amendment for the U. S. Constitution: Confronting America’s Structural Democracy Deficit.† Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 3.3 (2004): 559-573 Simon, Jonathan and Sparks, Richard. The SAGE Handbook of Punishment and Society. Thousand Oaks: SAGE, 2012. Print Uggen, Christopher, Angela Behrens and Jeff Manza. â€Å"Criminal disenfranchisement.† Annual Review of Law and Social Science 1 (2005): 307-322

Early Mobilization Following a Stroke Essay

Early Mobilization Following a Stroke Essay Early Mobilization Following a Stroke Essay Issue of mobilization of patients especially those with stroke illness has been a major problem in most hospitals across the globe. The reasons attached to the said lateness have never been set, but concerns have been drawn on the same to establish the contagious situation. Lateness in mobilization sweeps out all the possible benefits if early measures were not put in place. In my essay am going to discuss the possible reasons that drive most clinicians not to take early measure upon stroke patients. The paper focuses on the challenges that face the clinicians in their professional duty and their interaction with the stroke patients (Adler Malone, 2012). Clinical care is very vital to any patient seeking assistance from a center or a personal physician. The service by the professional might be useful or not helpful depending on the urgency and availability of the same. Early mobilization of patients improves the safety of patients during treatment, but this can be dangerous especially for stroke patients. This is because these patients when under medication care normally have safety machines, which when removed during mobilizing patients may cause harm (Adler Malone, 2012). Stroke patients, however, are victims of late attention. This is because these patients undergo varied conditions of sickness and treatment thereof. The outstanding records show very high rates of lateness in the mobilization of stroke patients. This comes out because most of the patients take much longer recovery time than the expected and get neglected due to the negative mentality by the clinicians towards them. Treatment of the disease may require large cash, which may lead to seclusion of the low achievers due to limited cash dispensation. The little intervention towards the said patients by the governing forces has led to the reluctance of the counterpart in caring for the subjects. Due to all these factors, stroke patients end up finding themselves in a situation of late treatment hence the increased incidences of death among the stroke patients.

General Overview of United Utilities Group Plc Term Paper

General Overview of United Utilities Group Plc - Term Paper Example By doing this, the company helps in the smooth flow of about 7 million people as well as 200,000 businesses in the North West and it does this by the provision of fresh and clean water on a daily basis. The company also takes away and treats the North West waste water which then helps in keeping the beaches and rivers quite clean. The company plans to finance its operations using debt securities instead of conventional bonds. This plan matches the market trends as the market, or the sector across the globe has been opting for the issuance of conventional debts due to the low interest rates attracted by bonds. Bonds usually pay a fixed income and the issuance of bonds in the utilities sector in the United Kingdom only account for half of the total funds raised in the equity capital markets. Firms in this sector just like the United Utilities Group Plc are opting for the issuance of debt securities even though it has high risks of threatening the market viability. Data also showed that only 8.7% of the funds raised were through equity capital markets while the remaining portion being raised through the use of debt securities. ... b. General Overview of the issued debt Debt security is an instrument which can be sold or bought between two different parties and include corporate bonds, collateralized securities, preferred stock and zero-coupon securities (Fabozzi et.al 2003). The interest rate on a debt security is usually determined by the borrower’s repayment ability. Debts securities are quite safer than equity securities as the principal amount is usually returned to the lender upon the maturity of the security. This is what United Utilities Group Plc plans to use as it mode of raising finance. 2. Evaluation using the Annual Financial Reports and accounts a. The position of the company to issue debt securities The annual profits for the company have decreased from ?909.20 million in March 2008 to ? 316.5 million in March 2012. Its EBITDA has been fluctuating over the period with an increase only being recorded on March 2009 after which the company recorded a continued decline. The company has also re corded a decrease in its Free Cash Flows for the Firm (FCFF) from ? 562.7 million in 2011 to ?559.8 million in 2012. The company borrowed ?215 million during the 2012 financial year in order to offset the dividends of ?209 million. Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) is low for the firm as the firm’s equity is higher than the free cash flow. From the March 2012 annual statement, it is quite evident that the company has made maximum use of debt securities as it net debt is quite higher than the one recorded during the previous year which then reflects the additional borrowing done by the company as a way of funding its capital investment programmes. The gearing ratios for the company are also quite

GOPIO Round Table event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

GOPIO Round Table event - Essay Example The UK GOPIO Round Table is expected to be held in Greenwich at Miami Beach Convention Center. The venue was preferred due to the following factors; the convention centre has ultra modern conference facilities that are well spacious to accommodate large attendances. The facilities have the best hospitality and catering services (Gathani, 2004Pg 21). They also boast of a better accommodation services. Besides, the placating weather brings a suitable ambience that ushers you to a conference zone. The targeted capacity of the venue is about fifty participants with in mind of the up-coming event. Nevertheless, the facility can host more in case a need of expansion arises. The convention is expected to commence at 2pm on daily basis and ends at 7pm. The time provided is ample enough to cater for each and every presentation scheduled plus other related program. Owing to that, here is a list of the expected speakers in the event; Sunder Katwala, the Director of British Future Think Tank, Lord Khalid Hameed, Priti Patel (MP), Prof. JoyaChatterjee (author of the South Asian Diaspora Handbook 2012), RakeshRawal, a CEO and Lord Karan Billimoria. Presentations and demonstrations are also expected from a section of the audience (Gathani, 2004Pg 34). For the sake of marketing, there is a Google Plus page for this event: https://plus.google.com/u/0/events/c2vlbfed8le4n5bpi7jc0cvvrhg. More information on the event is also available on the Eventbrite page: http://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/gopio-2014-roundtable-tickets-11103537981?aff=es2&rank=0&sid=10a11c42b8e811e3b7d122000a9f3045. The various tasks to be done were designated to departments. An operation committee was established comprising of four members and was expected to carry out the following roles: Link all the existing five departments and ensure that each performs its own role. Carry out catering and its supervision; maintain the venue, keeping the registration details,

Trade Issues Between US And China Essay Example for Free

Trade Issues Between US And China Essay This essay will research the relationship between the United States and China in regards to trading policies.   A brief description of the United States’ foreign policy will be given and following this an examination of the US-China trade relation will be analyzed with historical background ranging from 1979 to present.   In the development of this essay.   The context of the research will center around the four p’s in trading; power, principles, prosperity and peace and how in each area China has maintained such variables in trading.    The other issues that will be delivered as integral to the relationship of US-China trade will be the US-Soviet relations in regards to the China Card, Tiananmen Square, human rights, and labor standards. China’s Trade   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The aspect of China’s trade that will discussed in this dissertation will be GATT and WTO policy and procedure.   A brief history of China’s trade since its conception will also follow in the paper’s scope.  Ã‚   In fact China and its role with the WTO is one in which there exists strain. China became a member of the WTO in December of 2001.   China had been an original member of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) but has since declined any efforts towards globalization.   However, since its inclusion with the WTO in 2001 China is under specific WTO regulations.   These regulations are highlighted as nondiscrimination in trading policies, market opening, transparency and predictability, undistorted trade, and preferential treatment towards developing countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of large industrial trade in China will also be examined as its rise to power became renowned on a global scale in the early 1970’s.   The develop of China’s trade was also expedited thanks to its involvement with Taiwan Province of China in the IMF as well as the World Bank which further emphasizes China’s transformation from a centrally organized economy to a more market-oriented economy, as such China, â€Å"abolished trade plans, decentralized trade, slashed tariffs, unified the dual exchange rates in 1994, and removed exchange controls on current account transactions in 1996† (Adhikari Yang 2002). The reform that become a wide part of China’s modern technological development was foreign involvement.   Thus, China’s trade was aggrandized thanks to foreign aid, and exporting of China’s natural resources and materials.   In accordance with this statement, a glance at China’s foreign trade is reported to have gone from $10 billion in the late 1970’s to $278 billion in the year 2000; this development will be a large part of the research:   there will be a compare and contrast section in the dissertation involving various years of wealth in foreign trade with China’s mainland, and the advancement of China as a trading power. The numbers for the year 2000 made China the sixth largest trading nation on a global scale, â€Å"The trade-to-GDP ration increased from 10 percent at the beginning of reforms to about 40 percent in the late 1990’s.   China’s total inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) reached $47 billion in 2000, second in size only to those received by the United States† (Adhikari Yang 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A large part of the dissertation will deal with China’s open trading policy, which began in the 1970’s.   It is thanks to this open trading policy that China was able to develop at an astounding rate.   Another large section of the paper will highlight the importance of trade meetings between Mao Zedong and US president Richard Nixon.   Thus, the dissertation will break down the stages of China’s development beginning with these open trade policy meetings in the 1970’s. In a progressive, and categorical fashion, the dissertation will proceed with China’s trade, and after the initial meetings in the mid 1970’s, China began to develop as a more dominant trade partner in 1979 with Deng Xiaoping’s visit to the US.   This is when China began to truly embrace foreign trade; this boosted China’s own domestic economy and allowed the country to compete on a global scale in the areas of foreign capital and technology (Eckholm and Sanger 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since trade was the key in developing China, and helping it advance in technology, a great deal of research is needed in China’s involvement with the WTO (World Trade Organization).   The rising tension between other trading powers and China through China’s membership with the WTO will also be a detrimental factor in the tension between China and the US.   When China is initially brought into the WTO there was discussion of how this would alter the economic conflict between the U.S. and China into a global level. Thus, the United States Congress was wary of the substantial evidence that trade with China may prove to be dangerous.   This is supported by the fact that the economic conditions in America may decline over the next decade thereby bringing forth a stronger dependence on labor in China and MFN, â€Å"A substantial use of force to suppress dissent in Hong Kong would be one such trigger.   It appears that Chinese officials are cognizant of this fact and are likely to eat away at the liberties of Hong Kong’s people, if they choose to do so, in small bites, so as not to draw foreign attention† (Naughton 1998; 66).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since China’s development as a trading power in the 1970’s there have been many high tension subjects which have altered the face of world trade.   The efforts to curtail negative assessment with other countries will be developed in this dissertation, especially between China and the US as trading powers, rivals, and conglomerates.   A close-up of American companies and their trade policy with Chinese investors, and markets will be dissected, especially the growing relationship between Chinese trade and the Boeing corporation.   In the effort of fair trade and a growing economy America has tried to curtain negative assessments made of the Chinese governments especially in light of Tibet.   One such American company that strongly promotes U.S.-China trade is the Boeing company that is looking toward China for their next marketable plane. Other groups include the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations who try to persuade the American people that human rights in China is equitable and their sustaining efforts combine with restrained behavior in China twine together to enhance a more morally correct China that is appropriate for trade (Naughton 1998; 66). The expansion of China as a super power in trade depends on the response and accessibility to the open market it is allowed.   A brief look at slave labor, cheap labor, labor laws of countries compared to China will be a large part of the research being done in this dissertation.   The cheap market that China makes affordable to foreign investors is often times tainted with sweat shops, so a brief look at the Chinese government’s involvement in trying to dissuade the use of cheap labor will be focused upon in the dissertation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These restrained sentiments felt by the U.S. Congress exist in part due to the 1996 Taiwan Strait crisis which allows for the overly cautious approach Congress is setting forth with China because of China’s presumed power and its conscious ability to inflict harm on specific U.S. interests.   However, by being cautious Congress ensures that the future trading negations between these two countries should be defined as a stable relationship (Naughton 1998; 67). China and GATT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   China as a member in GATT will be examined as both a positive and a negative factor.   A brief history of China and GATT will be examined as well as China’s need for trade, and an open door policy.   The Chinese domestic politics of WTO accession have changed dramatically.   In the beginning China mobilized with alacrity and cohesion to once again become a member of GATT.   The consensus of such industries as petrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals could agree upon the need for their nation to be involved with GATT, this proves China’s desirability towards a more open doors policy with trade.   Part of the reason for China’s renewed interest in GATT may be attributed to †¦it appear that GATT membership would defuse recurrent trade frictions over U.S. MFN status, but it was obvious that Chinas prestige and importance in the world demanded full GATT membership. Moreover, it was clear that GATT membership could be an important force driving the economic reform process forward. For all these reasons, national interest was elevated above sectoral interest groups. The flood of publications in China on the challenge of GATT membership clearly demonstrates the anxiety felt by many sectoral interests but also reflects what they clearly felt was the inevitability of membership and the serious nature of the import competition GATT membership would bring (Naughton 1998; 177). Inside of Chinese nationalism however there seems to be rising policies that are contrary between the U.S. and China; China feels pressured by the U.S. and that they make demands that cannot be fulfilled without jeopardizing China’s own economy.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Such demands that have been focused on and are met by the Chinese include their unifying of the currency, their reduced tariffs, as well as their cut on nontariff barriers, and equally important is their demonopolization of the foreign trade system (Naughton 1998; 177).  Ã‚   Each of these demands will be given a section in the dissertation, and thorough research will be delivered in regards to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a very large importance in China’s development as a trading country and its acceptance into the American market.   Market strategies, and the trade issues between China and the US play a necessary part in the global trade.   China, in conjunction with U.S. trade policy has subsequently, since being incorporated into GATT, has opened their country to trade.   In 1997 they, â€Å"†¦launched into a major program of state enterprise divestment and restructuring that can be seen as a response to U.S. demands that the government cease subsidizing state-owned enterprises† (Naughton 1998; 177).   Again, this information points to the give and take relationship between China and the US, and how one’s trade policy is contingent upon the other’s trade policy which can be detrimental to the growth of each other’s market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In their interest in trade China has a strong interest in augmenting their enforcement capability, improving their customs service as well as paying attention to their unifying revenue collection capability (Naughton 1998; 178).  Ã‚  Ã‚   The U.S. seemingly has correlating objectives in regards to China’s trade.   The United States Trade Representatives have a clear objective when it   comes to China; there is a focus on the imbalance of trade, and the exorbitant amount of trade exporting China has accomplished.   This is a major issue for the United States who no longer dominants trade because of the majority exports that are labeled as labor intensive consumer goods that the Chinese have flooded into the foreign market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It seems then that China’s trade is hinging upon the decisions of U.S. businesses.   The U.S. businesses are in favor of trade with China because in their own systems of operations they have subsidiaries in China.   These businesses recognized as Naughton states, Perceiving the importance of Chinas economy in future years, numerous American businesses support a policy of intensified engagement with China. U.S. businesses are an important lobby not only because of their interests but also because of their perceptions of China. Given the magnitude of U.S. investment, many businessmen have now spent time in China. They see that China is a dynamic, rapidly evolving, and increasingly prosperous society. Their positive impressions partially offset the negative impressions of China created by problems relating to human rights, nuclear proliferation, and arms sales. (Naughton 1998; 179). Thus, the transformation of China into a trading conglomerate was rapid.   Naughton’s research will be a guideline by which this dissertation will come to fruition.   The in depth analysis which Naughton portrays in his book will aid in developing the tension and necessary engagement China and the US have on a market scale.   With Naughton’s work, a look at market scale, the evolvement of trade between the US and China, and the economic growth for both countries will be projected in future years. China’s Trade History 1979-Present   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A detailed inclusion of China’s trade history on a global scale will be included in the dissertation in order to compare and contrast China’s development as a country and a trading power.   A major factor in this power scheme is the People’s Republic of China.   China first envisioned an open economy in 1979 with the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Since this inception, China has increased its exports to an annual average of 16.1 percent.   The country as a whole is classified as the tenth largest exporter in the world.   In correlation with these facts, China’s exports have also grown at a statistic of 15 percent per year.   Furthermore, China’s annual growth rates in trade grew to an increase of three times the world’s rates in the years 1978 and 1990.   It was in 1993 that it was reported that foreign trade in China made up 38 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product.   Thus, China has expanded in trade since 1979.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1978 China had not interest or involvement in foreign investment, yet by 1993, China has acquired the interest of nearly $60 billion foreign investors (Shirk 1994; 1).   China began a reform strategy in 1979 that sought to enable foreign trade investments as a priority to the progress of the PRC.   From early 1960 to the 1970’s China based its economy on the concept of self-reliance, and approached their way of life strictly in egalitarian methods.   This approach quickly showed its proneness to failure however and China recognized this and soon began to implement a different model.   This new model was based on economic marketization and internationalization under authoritarian rule (Shirk 1994; 7).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     China based its economic prowess after the Communism in the Soviet Union.   This style of command present in China enabled the country to produce high rates of industrialization which from the years 1949-1980 were estimated at 10 percent annually.   Despite these numbers the truth was that in order to remain self sufficient China had to sacrifice manpower by way of continually increasing capital and labor into the industry in order to maintain such high growth (Shirk 1994; 10).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1979 this all changed. Through power (one of the four p’s) Hua Guofeng allowed a small section of market activity in the idea of allowing state-owned firms to sell their own quota output, â€Å"on their own at market prices and new nonstate firms were allowed to form. The higher prices of the market were a powerful incentive for managers to enter the plan and then to press for smaller plan quotas and more market opportunities† (Shirk 1994; 28).   In this fashion Hua Guofeng allowed the economy to outmode the Communist plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From 1980-1981 reformists attempted to promote a balanced economy by parlaying resources to light industry and to agriculture.   Thus, heavy industry suffered an alarming deficit and consequently in 1982 representatives allowed heavy industry’s share to be restored (Shirk 1994; 29).   Thus, heavy industry in China has always received favored treatment, while counter to this light industry is funded by the self, â€Å"China’s dramatic increases in exports and domestic growth may derive primarily from labor-intensive light industry and agriculture, but central government capital investment does not reflect this change and still favors heavy industry† (Shirk 1994; 29).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the topic of open policy it was not until 1984 that China extended its trading freedoms to the provinces of SEZ’s to Hainan Island and about fourteen other coastal cities.   The new open cities were allowed to offer tax incentives for foreign investment.   This open concept was furthered in 1984 with the inclusion of other deltas such as the Pearl, Yangtze, and Min Rivers (Shirk 1994; 39).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The year 1988 saw secretary Zhao Ziyang further widen open policy to include the entire coastal zone which had a population of 200 million.   Zhao stated that an unbalanced growth was harming China’s economy in that the inland regions were not being exposed as the coastal regions to different cultures as well as wealth which meant that China was not advancing at the same speed in technology, â€Å"therefore the coastal areas should be allowed to move ahead by using their better labor, communications and infrastructure, and scientific and technological capacity to attract foreign business and expand exports† (Shirk 1994; 40).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite these ideas and Zhoa’s promotion of them, he was fired in 1989, and replaced by Premier Li Peng.   Although Li Peng was a conservative he implemented a strategy of building his own personal support base.   In lieu of Zhao’s failure to incorporate Shanghai in his plans, Li Peng decided to grant that area more economic development and autonomy for foreign trade which yielded more revenues.   He gave the inland provinces full foreign exchange.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In June of 1992, Beijing, â€Å"†¦authorized twenty-one additional cities, located along the Yangtze River and in the Northeast, to offer special incentives to foreign investors† (Shirk 1994; 41).   This action in turn advanced inland provinces to endorse and participate in international business with the full approval of the local government.   There were created special development zones which allowed foreign investors to be offered certain terms in regards to trade, The development zone policy was extremely popular among local leaders, who saw it not only as a way to gain access to international business but also as a means of gaining benefit and privilege.22 During the first nine months of 1992, almost 2,000 development zones were set up, a large proportion of them in inland areas. As a result, the inland provinces raised their 1992 share of foreign capital attracted to China from 7 percent to 10 percent.23 By early 1993 the press was reporting that nobody knows exactly how many such zones, which attract investment with a variety of tax breaks and other favorable policies, have been launched in China. (Shirk 1994; 41). These concepts spread throughout the developmental zones and thus were responsible for certain negative consequences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These consequences included economic overheating, a severe shortage of funds, as well as energy, transport and certain raw materials (Shirk 1994; 55).   Shortly after this China had a type of national intervention in which the State Council in 1993 reinstituted a ‘central approval’ for each newly formed developmental zone (Shirk 1994; 55).   In accordance with the CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin demanded inspections on all zones which began a mass shut down of each zone which did not establish infrastructure and other foreign conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the 1990’s China had established selective authoritarian rule in their open zones.   About 90 percent of foreign investment in these zones was involved in the coastal states and 40 percent is reported to belong to Guangdong.   This left the inland provinces seeking their own investors.   These investors were found with Russian, Japan and South Korea.   These investors sought out the Northeast and Shandong Province.   It may then be stated that the concept of an open policy has greatly enhanced the coastal regions of China while leaving the inland provinces lacking in investors, and market trading which attributes to the imbalance in China. China’s Trade Relations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   China, although seemingly embattled into foreign trade has quickly grown with their new found economy.   China is in international demand and that demand is only increasing.   This is due mostly from power.   In policy and the envisioning of China’s different leaders and leaders in foreign trade, the Chinese economy has shucked off their dominant Communist ways and have since 1979 been approaching foreign trade with prosperity.   China compromised in joining GATT but this lead investors to believe that China’s intent was solely for their own prosperity as well as others and this initialized trade between countries.   Thus, it may be stated that in part, China has grown with their open policy and in a way realized peace through trade because of the restrictions of the United States and of GATT on their trading policy and thus China has grown in terms of economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other issue that arose from China’s power in their economy was the dual rate system, As for international institutions, although the International Monetary Fund advocated convertibility, it would accept some degree of exchange controls. Joining GATT did not require full convertibility, although dual rates for trading activities, often viewed as export subsidies, were an obstacle to membership. The United States, already running a trade deficit of approximately $20 billion with China, complained out of one side of its mouth†¦ In response to international and domestic demands for a reform of the foreign exchange regime, Chinese leaders gradually devalued their currency and created an officially sanctioned swap market for foreign exchange. Devaluation began in 1981 with the adoption of a special internal settlement rate of 2.8 yuan to $1 U.S. for foreign trade transactions. (Shirk 1994; 57-58).   It is thus stated that Chinese goods were underpriced due to their state subsidiaries.   Although the exchange rate made Chinese good profitable, imports were not easily winning the economic battle in China as they were comparably overpriced.   As a result of this during 1981-1984, dual rates existed and were ‘substantial’ (Shirk 1994; 58).   The growth of exports as well seemed to be vanishing as the 2.8 yuan rate was weak.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dual rate was a spot of heavy criticism among other international trading nations.   The International Monetary Fund stated that dual rates were in clear violation of IMF’s standards.   As a result the United States who had been a large financial supporter of China filed several complaints stating that the internal rate was â€Å"a form of export subsidy† (Shirk 1994; 59).   The State Council responded to these issues in 1985 by getting rid of the dual rate exchange in favor of the internal system (as mentioned prior) of a 2.8 yuan.   The government subsequently devalued the renminbi five times â€Å"13 percent in 1986, 21.2 percent in 1989, and 9.57 percent in 1990† (Shirk 1994; 59). China Card   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issues of dual exchange rate are clearly seen in the China Card.   The Chinese economy has been witness to exorbitant expansion within the time frame of 1970- present.   This has allowed for the retardation of recession seen across Asia.   China is growing exponentially.   The Chinese bank has added problems to the Chinese economy by continually lending money to governmental projects that abound in profitless margins.   In support of this China had in 2004 reportedly lent out nearly 40 percent of its gross domestic product with reports being silent as to whether or not there were any signs that this money was returned with interest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   China also has a fixed exchange rate with the US dollar which lends investors to believe that China is overdue for an economic crisis.   The only thing that seems to be holding China together is their strict capital controls which lock domestic savers into these bankrupting banks across China. Tiananmen Square protests of 1989   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tiananmen Square Massacre occurred June 4th 1989.   This was a protest in response to the government of the People’s Republic of China which students and other activists were party.   The PRC government initiated riot gear and as such many of the peaceful protestors were left dead; the number murdered during the protest ranges anywhere from 200 to 3,000 Chinese students as well as Red Cross.   The protest was devised in view of held beliefs that the Communist Party of China was corrupt.   The protest also shared the views of workers who stated that economic reform was leading the country towards inflation which was leading to unemployment and the immense amount of poor in the PRC (Wikipedia 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The protestors did not disperse when asked to by the government and as such the government’s counteraction was to declare martial law.   Martial law allowed for tanks to infiltrate Tiananmen Square and essentially wreak havoc.   Foreign press was banned from the event (Wikipedia 2006).   This event lead to the questioning of the labor laws in China and the fairness and consciousness China was paying towards human rights.   If China wanted to sustain the sequestering of this massacre then this was a statement of omission in which China was essentially proving the protestor’s beliefs that trade as connected with labor was inhumane. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion this paper has expounded on the U.S-China trade relations in due course of China’s GATT acceptance and their WTO acknowledgements in order to provide a stronger economy.   The other half of the paper represented dual rate as well as the China Card in which Chinese currency and their propensity of cheap goods allow for the country to become strong but according to IMF China was in violation foreign policy.   This leads to further evidence of China having unfair labor laws with the massacre that occurred at Tiananmen Square in 1989.   Thus, China’s trade is a dichotomy that is both good and bad; prosperous for the PRC yet lacking in support of the common laborer.   The relationship between the U.S and China as described in this paper is teetering and yet, because of the WTO and foreign investments such as Boeing, trade with China is inevitable. Work Cited Adhikari, Ramesh Yongzheng Yang.   What Will WTO Membership Mean for China   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And It’s Trading Partners?   Finance and Development.   Vol. 39, No. 3.   September Asher, David L.   How to Approach the China-North Korea Relationship. October 10, 2006,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rpt. Delivered to the Heritage Org. Brians, Paul et al.   Reading About the World Vol. 2.   1998.   (Online).   Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/marx.html Davidson, Tim.   Taking Back Congress.   Rolling Stone, October 19, 2006. Eckholm, Erik, and David E. Sanger.   U.S. Reaches an Accord to Open China Economy as   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Worldwide Market.   New York Times.   16 November 1999. Elliot, Micheal.   The Wrong Side of the Barricades.   Time Canada.   Vol. 158, Issue 3, p19.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   September, 2001. Freedman, Maurice.   â€Å"Chinese lineage and society.†Ã‚   London, Athlone P.; New York,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Humanities P., 1966. Foster, Jacques Gernet. Translated by J.R. Foster. A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 1982. Fung, K.C.   The China-United States Bilateral Trade Balance: How Big is it Really?   Pacific   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economic Review.   Vol. 3, No. 1.   (1998).   pp33-47. Fung, K.C.   New Estimates of the United States-China Bilateral Trade Balances.   Journal of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the Japanese andIinternational Economics.   Vol. 15, (2001). pp102-130. Holloway, John.   Capital Moves.   Capital and Class, No. 57.   pp.137-144, Autumn, 1995. Hudis, Peter.   Marx in the Mirror of Globalisation.   CYREV: A Journal of Cybernetics   Revolution, Sustainable Socialism, and Radical Democracy.   Issue 7, Spring 2001. Kapp, Robert A.   Testimony of Robert A. Kapp President, US-China Business Council Trade   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Subcommittee, Committee on Ways and Means U.S. House of Representatives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States-China Business Council.   1998.   (Online).   Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.uschina.org/public/testimony/testimony5.html. Lieber, Robert J. : The Eagle Adrift: American Foreign Policy at the End of the Century.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Glenview, Ill. Scott, Foresman, 1998. Mill, John Stuart.   On Liberty.   Modern Library; New Ed edition (2002). Mingst, Karen A. Essential Readings in World Politics. New York, NY. WW Norton Company, 2004. Montagnon, Peter. The Heart of the Dragon: Mediating. Drometia Investments Ltd., 1984. Naughton, Barry et al.   After the Cold War: Domestic Factors and U.S-China Relations.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   M.E. Sharpe, 1998. Online Library of Liberty.   Karl Marx: Capital and Critique of Political Economy. 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Online).   Available:   http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Set.php?recordID=0445. Rikowski, Glenn.   Transfiguration:   Globalisation, the World Trade Organization and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The National Faces of the GATS.   www.libr.org/isc/articles/14-Glenn_Rikowski.html Sewell, Thomas. Karl Marx and the Freedom of the Individual. Ethics. Vol. 73. No. 2. 1963. P. 119-125. Shirk, Susan L.   How China Opened Its Door:   The Political Success of the PRC’s Foreign  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trade And Investment Reforms.   Brookings Institution, 1994. The Mongolian Empire: The Yuan. Washington State University. Online source. Date Accessed: February 11, 2006. URL: http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHEMPIRE/YUAN.HTM Walt, Stephen M. International Relations: One World, Many Theories.   Washington: Spring  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1998, Iss. 110 Wikipedia.   Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.   2006.   (Online).   Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989 Wolf, Martin.   Is Globalisation in Danger?   World Economy.   Vol. 26, Issue 4, p.393-411, April,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2003.

France Section 1770 - 1789 - Crisis in the old regime :: European Europe History

France Section 1770 - 1789 - Crisis in the old regime The causes of tensions and conflicts generated in the old regime that contributed to the outbreak of revolution The composition of society was a major contributing factor to the tensions and conflicts generated under the old regime. Society was divided into Three Estates, the first Estate comprised of the clergy (1%), the nobility, and rest of the population was classified as the Third Estate. Not only was the Third Estate heterogeneous, comprising of the bourgeoise (lawyers, doctors, intellectuals, businessman, the traders, merchants, factory owners), peasants, and beggars, but all three Estates. Their were many distinguishing factors that set the three Estates apart. The first two Estates were associated with the monarchy and avoided or paid little taxes, whilst at the same time earning the most money. The Third Estate paid the highest taxes and earnt the least. Lefebvre saw the bourgeoisie as becoming stronger economically but still maintaining the same legal status as that of the poorest peasant. The bourgeois resented their nobles, who were simply 'born' into their position of wealth. They nobles believed that their noble birth' set them apart from the rest of society.' However, the nobility were also dissatisfied under the ancien regime, where they had little, yet still more then the bourgeois, influence in politics. Although the upper clergy enjoyed many privileges, including being exempt from paying taxes, owned about 10 per cent of the land, and received their wealth from the land they owned and the collection of the tithes. Yet, the lower clergy did not enjoy these same privileges, while the 'Bishop plays the great nobleman and spends scandalous sums on hounds, horses, furniture, servants, food and carriages, the parish priest does not have the wherewithal to buy himself a new cassock...the bishops treat their priests , not as honest footman, but as stable-boys.' It is clear that social unrest was felt by the whole population. Prior to 1780s the people of France blindly accepted the foudations of the Ancien Regime. The period known as the Enlightenment or 'Age of Reason' saw philosophes such as Voltaire and Rousseau attack the Church, and the absolute power of the King and the inequitable social composition of society. For the first time people were questioning the society in which they lived. It became the fashionable conversation of the times, and this propoganda took place in salons, cafes and even educational institutions such as the museum of Paris.

High School Life Essay

It was in the year 2009, I was a graduating elementary student back then, when our adviser talked to me, together with my fellow honor students, regarding our plans after graduation. The conversation included where we wanted to study in high school. Most of us said that a simple school will do, what’s important for us back then was to have a school. That simple. After a few words, our adviser said that there is prestigious school inviting us to study there. Our initial reaction was, of course, we have no money to pay for the tuition fee. But then, she said that we need not worry, because the school offers us 100% scholarship, with a weekly allowance. We were delighted by the news. Imagine being a scholar of Notre Dame of Greater Manila. That is something to be proud of. So we were scheduled for an exam. We were so nervous. After several days of waiting, the results came out. And I was the one chosen to be the scholar! When my mom told me the news, I was really overjoyed. It would be my first time to study in a private school, prestigious one even. I went to the school to arrange my requirements there. That was when I knew that I am a De Mazenod Lingap Talino (DMLT) scholar, who would enjoy 100% scholarship and weekly allowance. What a privilege! I also met there Mr. Diego Reyes, or Sir Jigs, as what the whole institution calls him, and Ma’am Sofie. They were the ones who helped me during my stay there as a scholar. My first year was tough. A lot of adjustments were done. Of course, I’m not used to having classmates who are techy and rich. They talked about this gadget and that gadget, which, in my previous school, is not an issue. I’m not used to seeing signature clothes and bags. So I didn’t know how I would approach them. I’m not rich as them. I am just a simple girl. Another reason why I’m afraid is because I thought I would not be accepted there. I am different, physically. Before the first day of school, I imagined the Damers teasing me and bullying me. And I imagined myself ignoring them, as if they don’t exist, and when I’m alone, I’d cry a lot just to let the feelings out. I thought I would be an outcast, a loner, weirdo in their eyes. But I was completely wrong. I gained a lot of friends, much many than I thought I’d have. My first impression of them was wrong. They are not like what I see in the movies, rich people who are arrogant and rude. They understand my situation. They are open-minded. They are real. They may tease me but that was only natural, I do not get offended. They are real, true friends. Of course, the teachers are a plus. I thought they would not like me, especially the Math teachers, because I’m really weak in that particular subject. I really like Math, but I guess the feeling ain’t mutual. Until now, I still use finger Math. I am extremely slow in solving problems. I thought Math teachers would lose their patience on me, ignore my presence in the cream class because they would think I don’t belong there, because I am a weakling. But then again, I was W-R-O-N-G. Math teachers in Notre are exactly the opposite of what I thought they would be. They are very kind, especially Mrs. Narciso, Ms.Padlan, Mr.R and Mr. Zuniga. They were the ones whom I spend my Math classes with during my entire stay in high school. They were the ones who taught me Math and helped me to improve my skills in that field. They showed me that I am not a weakling, I still have hope. Whoo. But of course, there were my second parents. Mrs. Mercado and Mrs. Asis who served as my mothers, and Mr. Saplagio as my dad. They were the ones whom I turn to and cry on whenever I have problems. And all of the teachers in Notre, who may seem terror and scary inside the classrooms, but outside, they are one of your bestest best friends. Being a scholar isn’t as easy as anyone thinks. It’s really tough maintaining your grades. It is stressing to think about your grades when they are going down. They say grades are just numbers, but I depend on those numbers. My scholarship depends on those numbers. I usually envy those who can just have fun while I am at my room studying even if there’s no exam. And of course, as a scholar, I should be a role model to others. I should take care of my reputation. But of course doing that is a bit hard. As the saying goes, â€Å"Character is what you are; reputation is what people think you are.† What if my character is different from my reputation? Yes, that happens all the time. But I just maintain my character and ignore those who pull me down by saying things about me behind my back. That made me stronger. Notre gave me a lot of experiences that I would not forget. Notre gave me people that I am thankful for. But of course, I would receive none of these if it wasn’t for the DMLT, for giving me this very wonderful opportunity to study in the institution. I am just a simple girl from a family who cannot afford the services of Notre. But because of Notre’s awareness of the students out there who are not financially able, yet deserving to have quality education, and it’s willingness to reach out to them, I was able to experience this once in a lifetime opportunity. Now, I am going to study in my dream school, the University in the Philippines, one of the most prestigious universities in the whole country. With the help of Notre, I was able to get this dream of mine. It equipped me with enough knowledge and skills to face the challenges ahead. My life in Notre had been stressful, yet everything was all worth it. For this, I would like to express my deep gratitude. Thank you, Notre Dame.

Love at First Sight, Is There Such a Thing Essay

What is common among the Hunger Games, Romeo and Juliet, Pokemon, 500 Days of Summer and The Vampire Diaries? They all have the trope of â€Å"love at first sight†Ã¢â‚¬â€Peeta instantly fell in love with Katniss when he heard her sing on the first day of school; Romeo fell in love with Juliet the first time he saw her; Brock fell in love with every pretty girl he saw; Tom fell in love with Summer at first sight in the office; and Stefan also had love at first sight with Elena. Love at first sight is the most widely used trope in literature and film. It is so common that most people mistake it as a reality. Why do I think that love at first sight is fictional? â€Å"Love is to be delighted by the happiness of another,† said Gottfried Leibniz. If what he said is true, then love at first sight is not really love. You can’t know the happiness of a person in an instant; you’ll have to be psychic to do that. To discover an individual’s happiness, one has to get to know him/her more. This can be achieved by spending time with that person—listening and understanding him/her. Another reason why love at first sight is fictional is infatuation. Love at first sight is just infatuation. Infatuation is not love because it is mere attraction and admiration while love is committing oneself to another because he/she cares for the other. Therefore, love at first sight is not love. Although it is not love, infatuation is inevitable when it comes to love relationships, because it gives you the courage to get to know someone, confess your feelings and move on to the â€Å"next level. † Even so, it does not guarantee love. It just gives it a â€Å"push. † There may be instances when people get infatuated with each other at first sight, then end up falling in love. This situation, according to them, is love at first sight. I think not. I think these instances are what you call infatuation that progressed into love. And these encounters don’t happen often. They are very rare. There is a bigger chance of you being infatuated, but as you get to know that person, you realize that he/she is not who you thought he/she was. We get infatuated all the time—when we see super good looking celebrities, appetizing foods, and such—but love, it only happens once, and it doesn’t happen in a blink of an eye, it develops. In the end, I think that love at first sight is not truly love, but infatuation. I find it so because, again, you can’t know someone’s happiness just by the mere sight of him. So, you can’t be delighted by his happiness. Although I believe that there is an innate romanticism attached to the thought of meeting someone, and having them hit enough emotional triggers immediately at first sight, I don’t think that it is love. It is infatuation—the first step towards love which can grow into a more mature love.

Romulus My Father Pursuit of Happyness Belonging Essay Essay Example

Romulus My Father Pursuit of Happyness Belonging Essay Essay Example Romulus My Father Pursuit of Happyness Belonging Essay Paper Romulus My Father Pursuit of Happyness Belonging Essay Paper ‘Everything has its own place and function. That applies to people, although many dont seem to realize it, stuck as they are in the wrong job, the wrong marriage, or the wrong house. When you know and respect your Inner Nature, you know where you belong. You also know where you dont belong. ’ Benjamin Hoff Discuss this statement, focusing on how composers of texts represent the concept of belonging. In your answer, refer to your prescribed text (‘Romulus My Father’) and ONE related text of your choosing. You should write no more than 1000 words. Sense of belonging coming from father, in father son relationship. This can be seen in both, Raimond Gaita’s elegiac memoir, ‘Romulus, My Father’ and Gabriele Muccino’s 2006 film, ‘the pursuit of happyness’. Both texts demonstrate the relationship between a farther and his son and the extreme amounts of love and pain that they are willing to go through for the child to make sure that they belong. Both fathers when growing up had no real father figures. Without their fathers a grow with them a be their idol, they lacked a sense of belonging that made them feel disjointed from the rest of society. As a result, when they have their own sons they go the extra mile to provide and care for their son in every way possible. The sons in both texts have a strong sense of belonging to their fathers and trust them in everything. ‘The pursuit of happyness’ subway/bathroom scene demonstrates this love and sense of belonging between father and child. The scene starts with a shot from above the heads of the protagonist, Chris Gardner, and his son, and looks down the subway as the last train of the night leaves and they are left alone in the subway. This metaphorically states how Chris feels, the last train has left without me and my son, every opportunity has passed. The scene then skips to Chris and Christopher sitting on a bench in the railway, with a distance between them. Christopher than gives his father an opportunity to make this experience easier for him, telling Christopher that the machines that he always carries around and is trying to sell, are time machines. Chris leads his son into the bathroom, while he is in the fantasy where they stay the night. Chris is shielding Christopher from the hard times that they are going through demonstrating the love that he has for his son but also the trust and sense of belonging he has in his dad. This is an emotive scene that is made to make the responder feel sympathy. In ‘Romulus my father’, a similar scenario plays out. Romulus’ father died early in Romulus’ life. Romulus lived in poverty and constantly moved between his grandparents and mothers house, but never belonged to either. He left at 13 to find work, but was always on the move, never really belonging anywhere. They moved to Australia where Romulus worked some hours away from Christine his wife and their son, Raimond. Christine neglected Raimond and was unfaithful to Romulus. Romulus believed it to be better if Raimond was to come to the camp where they were working. Romulus and Hora, Romulus’ closest friend, split their shifts so one of them could always care for young Raimond. Raimond is unaware of the sacrifices that his father and Hora gave up, at that age, in their only opportunity of rest in the day to provide Raimond with care and to give him a place to belong. Romulus didn’t have a true sense of belonging to anyone or thing except for Raimond. And for him he would go to the ends of the earth to provide and care for him. Raimonds has had the opportunity to belong and relate to others through what his father has done for him. â€Å"On many occasions in my life I have had the need to say, and thankfully have been able to say: I know what a good workman is; I know what an honest man is; I know what friendship is; I know because I remember these things in the person of my father† The repetition of ‘I know’ expresses how highly he holds up his father and how no one will be able to tell him otherwise.. The tone of the quote, is proud. Roof top scene in pursuit of happyness, where they are play basketball and Chris tells Christopher that he won’t make it in basketball, but realized that this crushed his dream, so then says â€Å"don’t ever let somebody tell you that you can’t do something, not even me†

What Is the SAT A Complete Explanation of the Test

What Is the SAT A Complete Explanation of the Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re thinking of applying to college, it’s vital that you know what the SAT is and how it will affect your application process. So what is the SAT? It’s one of two standardized college admissions tests in the US.(The other is the ACT.) It's run by the College Board, a non-profit that also administersthe PSAT and the AP (Advanced Placement) program. The SAT was originally adapted from an Army IQ test and administered as a college admissions test for the first time in 1926. However, it didn't really catch on until 1933, when the presidentof Harvard started using the test to assess scholarship applicants because he believed it was an effective measurement of intellectual potential. This view of the SAThelped propel its popularity- by the 1940s, it had become the standard test for all college applicantsandwas administered to over 300,000 people across the country. The SAT's dominance of college admissions testing was challenged with the creation of the ACT in 1959. Though initiallymuch less popular than the SAT, the ACT took hold in the Midwest and the mountain states and, in 2010, actually surpassed the SAT to become the most popular college admissions test. In part because of the increased competition from the ACT,the SAT recently underwentsome big changes in 2016. The basic purpose and form of the test arethe same (it’s still a multiple choice test used for college admissions decisions), but certain aspects of the structure and content havechanged. Schools must have approved of these changes because,in 2018, the SAT reclaimed its title and once again became the most popular college admissions test. This post will establish the basics of the SAT to help you prepare for this important test. Why Do People Take the SAT? The SAT is a standardized test meant to show schools how prepared you are for college by measuringkey skills like reading comprehension, computational ability, and clarity of expression. Because so many students take the test, it also provides schools with data about how you compare to your peers nationwide. You'll almost certainly need to take the SAT or ACT if you're applying to colleges or universities in the United States, since most require you to submit test scores with your application.Depending on where you want to apply, your ACT or SAT score can account for as much as 50% of the admission decision, so a strong standardized test score is vital. Additionally,several states require all high school juniors to take the SAT, including Delaware, Illinois, andMichigan. If you want to go to University of Illinois, you must submit SAT or ACT scores. (Kevin Dooley/Flickr) Which Schools Accept the SAT? All four-year colleges in the US accept the SAT, and, as I mentioned above, most schools require either the SAT or the ACT (they don’t differentiate between the two). However,there are an increasing number of colleges and universities with more flexible policies, so make sure to check with the specific schools you're planning to apply to. You’ll also need to take the SAT or ACT if you’re a US student looking to apply to schools in the UK or Canada or an international studenthoping to attend college in the US. What Does the SAT Cover? The SAT has foursections, as well an optional essay.The first section will be Reading, followed by Writing and Language, then the no calculator section of Math, followed by the Math section you're allowed a calculator on. If you decide to take the SAT essay,it'll be the final section of the exam. Most SAT questions are multiple choice, but five questions on Math No Calculator and eight questions on Math Calculator will be grid-ins. When you take the SAT, you’ll get a 5-minute break after about every hour of testing. That means you’ll get a break after the Reading section and a second one after the Math No Calculator. If you’re taking the Essay section, you’ll also get a break before starting. The total time of the SAT is 3 hours if you don't take the essay, and 3 hours and 50 minutes if you do take the essay. The following chart breaks downthe format of the test. Order Section Time in Minutes # of Questions Time per question 1 Reading 65 52 75 seconds 2 Writing and Language 35 44 48 seconds 3 Math No Calculator 25 20 75 seconds 4 Math Calculator 55 38 77 seconds 5 Essay (optional) 50 1 Total: 3 hours, 50 minutes (3 hours without essay) 154 (+1 essay prompt) How Is the SAT Scored? When you take the SAT, you'll be given a total score between 400 and 1600.The SAT has two major sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (combined from Reading + Writing and Language), and Math. You can earn a scaled score of between 200 and 800 points on each section.But where does the scoring scale come from? You start with a raw score for each topic area.Your raw score is simply the number of questions you answered correctly;skipped or wrong questions do not add or subtract from your raw score.That number is then converted into ascaled score through a process called equating- the College Board is a bit cagey about how exactly this works, but it's based on years worth of data rather than how people do on a specific test date. The average SAT score is 1068,with some variation from year to year, but what counts as a good score for you will really depend on where you’re looking to apply. To get into a top-tier schoolyou'll likely need to score about 1500 or higher, but for the local branch of the state university you mightbe just fine with a 1050. When Should You Take the SAT? The ideal time to take the SAT for the first time is usually in winter of your junior year, when you’ve covered most of the material in school, but you still have time to take it again. Your testing schedule may be different, however, especially if you need SAT scores for another purpose or are required to take it by your school. You've got to be organized in your SAT prep planning! (Teresa Robinson/Flickr) Everything You Need to Plan for the SAT Hopefully you now understand what the SAT is and why you might need to take it. The hardpart is still to come, however- preparing for the test. To help with that, I've listed some ofthe key questions you need to consideras you start planningfor standardized tests and college applications more generally. Should I Take the SAT or the ACT? It's hard to know for sure which of the two standardized tests will be better for you without your trying them out. However, if you aren't up for spending the time to take two full practice tests, take a look at this guide to help you decide. Also, keep in mind that, for many students, there's not that big of a difference between the SAT and the ACT. What SAT Score Do I Need to Get Into College? To reiterate: what score you should shoot for depends on where you want to apply. Use the formula in this articleto calculate your ideal SATscore. What's the Best Way to Prepare for the SAT? Now that you've calculated what your SAT scoregoal is, you need to decide how to get there. Will you do betterhiring a tutor or studying on yourown?You may also want to consider an online program like PrepScholar! If you do decide to take on the SATprep process on your own, make sure you get the best book for your needs. Taking official practice SATs is also key to understanding the exam and learning where you need to improve during your studying. What Do I Need to Know to Prepare for the SAT? There are three key aspects of prepping for the SAT: learning the logic of the test, studyingthe content, and practicing the questions. To get a sense of how to think effectively about the SAT, download our guide to the 5 strategies that you must use. For specific information on thematerialcovered and the styles of questions you'll see on the SAT, try our complete guides to each section: reading, math, and writing. For practice materials, you can find the best SATpractice tests here and an in-depth guide on how to use them here. What's Next? Here are the best study guides for SAT Reading, SAT Writing, and SAT Math, available anywhere. I guarantee you that these guides will improve your score! Want more guidance on SAT study plans?Get tips on how long you should study for the SAT and learn how many times you should take the SAT. Taking the ACT instead of or in addition to the SAT?Then you'll benefit greatly by taking a look at our ultimate ACT guide. 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Change in Employee Relations in United Kingdom Essay

Change in Employee Relations in United Kingdom - Essay Example Majority of the employees give preference to work in a better work atmosphere than working in a poor work atmosphere with higher pay. Globalization and other changes that took place in the world caused a drastic change in the employee relation. Huge difference can be seen in between the present form of employee relation and traditional way of employee relation. This paper makes an attempt to evaluate the changes in the employee relation in last 30 years and its importance in the future developments in the context of United Kingdom. Though there may be some variations in employee relation or industrial relations practices in various countries, changes are taking place in various countries in almost similar manner. Decades back, each country may have its own industrial practice, but now due to globalization and advancement of technology majority of the countries' employee relation practices are more or less similar. Today the industrial relation is very important and a widely discussed subject and has a great significance in the growth of industries. The terms labour relation and industrial relation are interchangeably used (Bean, 1994). A good industrial relation has a significant role in the success of any kind of business. Appalachian State University defines employee relations as "it involves the body of work concerned with maintaining employer-employee relationships that contribute to satisfactory productivity, motivation, and morale" (Staff-employee relations, n. d.). Disputes are common at work places. If there is a better labour relation this disputes can be minimized. If the employer is interacting with the employees in a better way it can increase the loyalty of the employees, thereby increasing the productivity of the organisation. Overview of different issues of employee relation Here are different issues related to the employee relation that requires detailed discussion and is always a topic of debate for the experts in this field. Some of the issues are employee grievances, employee wellness, employee compensation, employee discrimination, employee promotion...etc. The management especially human resource management team should be efficient enough to maintain an efficient employee relation in an organisation. 1. Employee grievances handling: Employee grievances are common at work place. If the management t failed properly solves the grievances of employee s o it may cause serious problems to the organization including losing of efficient employees. Employees would not be ready to work in organization where their grievances are not properly solved. There are no industrial concerns which are working smoothly at all times. In some concern employee have complaints against employers. In some other cases employers may have complaints against employees. This is happening mainly due to lack of better employee relation. These grievances may be real, imaginary, valid, invalid, genuine, not genuine etc. Generally speaking complaints affecting one or more employees may be treated as grievances. Grievance is a feeling of discontent or dissatisfaction among workers regarding anything concerned with the company (Som, n. d.). Causes of grievances: There may be variety of reasons for grievance. Some of them are explained below. a. Difference in opinion: The management and